環保專案成果報告查詢系統

垃圾蒸煮分選技術評估計畫

專案計畫編號	EPA-98-1605-02-02
經費年度	098
計畫經費	6,000 千元
專案開始日期	2009/12/28
專案結束日期	2011/03/27
專案主持人	張慶源教授
主辦單位	環檢所
承辦人	劉廣尉
執行單位	國立臺灣大學（環境工程學研究所）
專案分類	環境監測及檢測
中文關鍵字	蒸煮，生質碳，機械熱處理
英文關鍵字	autoclaving, bio-coal, mechanical heat treatment, MHT
協同主持人	李元陞;謝哲隆;陳奕宏
共同主持人
計畫聯絡人	張家驥
計畫聯絡電話	02-23638994#
計畫聯絡信箱	d92541005@ntu.edu.tw

中文摘要	都市生活廢棄物可以做為衍生燃料(refuse derived fuel, RDF)用以發電或產生蒸氣。然而此RDF其成分複雜使得須使用特殊規格鍋爐，且燃燒狀況不穩定，並有衍生汙染排放問題。臺灣生活垃圾中有近40％的有機纖維，包含無法回收的紙類廢棄物與庭園廢棄物。蒸煮程序搭配其後之機械分選所組合之機械熱處理技術已被驗證為可有效將垃圾中有機纖維分離之處理程序。蒸煮程序除了有助於垃圾分選外，其主要功效亦包括：減積、殺菌，且可將單位體積能源密度提高1.5至3倍。經機械分選後之有機纖維並可製成安定化之生質碳燃料或氣化原料。　　本計畫使用容積530 Ｌ之迴轉式高壓蒸煮爐進行垃圾蒸煮。此蒸煮爐設置於宜蘭縣利澤焚化廠。計畫中針對蒸煮處理程序應用於處理宜蘭縣內生活垃圾，將其中有機纖維純化分離轉製衍生生質碳燃料及對其應用於臺灣生活垃圾處理之適用性與最適操作參數進行探討。此外並針對塑膠、紙類廢棄物、落葉植栽與生廚餘分別進行探討。研究成果顯示以155 ℃處理生活垃圾可以有效達到減積、脫臭之效果，且可製成品質良好之生質碳燃料。根據實廠蒸煮生活垃圾結果顯示，在不考慮投入生活垃圾之熱值的情況下，能量投入回收比（energy return on investment, EROI）平均約為1.5。評估結果顯示，二氧化碳減量的潛力與生質碳產物熱值和蒸氣使用量有密切關係，且若能抽取垃圾焚化廠汽輪機後端之飽和或過熱蒸氣進行蒸煮分選程序，能達到物盡其用及節能減碳之效益，是一具有潛力之發展方向。
中文關鍵字	蒸煮，生質碳，機械熱處理

中文摘要

　　都市生活廢棄物可以做為衍生燃料(refuse derived fuel, RDF)用以發電或產生蒸氣。然而此RDF其成分複雜使得須使用特殊規格鍋爐，且燃燒狀況不穩定，並有衍生汙染排放問題。臺灣生活垃圾中有近40％的有機纖維，包含無法回收的紙類廢棄物與庭園廢棄物。蒸煮程序搭配其後之機械分選所組合之機械熱處理技術已被驗證為可有效將垃圾中有機纖維分離之處理程序。蒸煮程序除了有助於垃圾分選外，其主要功效亦包括：減積、殺菌，且可將單位體積能源密度提高1.5至3倍。經機械分選後之有機纖維並可製成安定化之生質碳燃料或氣化原料。　　本計畫使用容積530 Ｌ之迴轉式高壓蒸煮爐進行垃圾蒸煮。此蒸煮爐設置於宜蘭縣利澤焚化廠。計畫中針對蒸煮處理程序應用於處理宜蘭縣內生活垃圾，將其中有機纖維純化分離轉製衍生生質碳燃料及對其應用於臺灣生活垃圾處理之適用性與最適操作參數進行探討。此外並針對塑膠、紙類廢棄物、落葉植栽與生廚餘分別進行探討。研究成果顯示以155 ℃處理生活垃圾可以有效達到減積、脫臭之效果，且可製成品質良好之生質碳燃料。根據實廠蒸煮生活垃圾結果顯示，在不考慮投入生活垃圾之熱值的情況下，能量投入回收比（energy return on investment, EROI）平均約為1.5。評估結果顯示，二氧化碳減量的潛力與生質碳產物熱值和蒸氣使用量有密切關係，且若能抽取垃圾焚化廠汽輪機後端之飽和或過熱蒸氣進行蒸煮分選程序，能達到物盡其用及節能減碳之效益，是一具有潛力之發展方向。

中文關鍵字

蒸煮，生質碳，機械熱處理

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	0985735160_lite.pdf	1MB		2011/8/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	The municipal solid waste (MSW) can be made as refuse derived fuel (RDF) for power generation or steam production. However, the complexity and variation of composition of components make the MSW and RDF become low grade fuels which result in unsteady combustion and high pollution emission. In Taiwan, there are over 40 wt.% organic fiber in the reclaimed MSW, including un-recycled paper and garden waste. These organic fibers are biomass. The present study has assessed the performance of mechanical heat treatment (MHT) of MSW, aiming at the feasibility of recovery and reutilization of organic fiber. The MHT consists of autoclaving and mechanical separation.The pretreatment of MSW via autoclaving greatly assists its further separation and reutilization. After autoclaving process, the properties of constituents of MSW are significantly changed. For example, the mass decreases while the volume density increases and the plastic constituents are softened and shrunk. Thus, the energy density per unit volume increases 1.5 to 3 times. Therefore, the MSW after autoclaving can be properly separated into different fractions such as metals, plastics, compost-like and primary RDF or bio-char for further reutilization. In this study, a 530 L batch autoclave reactor was used to treat the wastes with steam. The target wastes are MSW, garden waste, waste paper, plastic waste and kitchen waste. The results indicate that the most suitable conditions for autoclaving MSW are at 155 ℃ and 30 min. Without counting the heating value of input waste, the energy return on investment (EROI) of MSW via autoclaving process is 1.5. The results show that the use of reused down-stream steam from incinerator for the autoclaving process of MSW can offer a better beneficial use of energy, achieving better carbon reduction.
英文關鍵字	autoclaving, bio-coal, mechanical heat treatment, MHT

摘要

The municipal solid waste (MSW) can be made as refuse derived fuel (RDF) for power generation or steam production. However, the complexity and variation of composition of components make the MSW and RDF become low grade fuels which result in unsteady combustion and high pollution emission. In Taiwan, there are over 40 wt.% organic fiber in the reclaimed MSW, including un-recycled paper and garden waste. These organic fibers are biomass. The present study has assessed the performance of mechanical heat treatment (MHT) of MSW, aiming at the feasibility of recovery and reutilization of organic fiber. The MHT consists of autoclaving and mechanical separation.The pretreatment of MSW via autoclaving greatly assists its further separation and reutilization. After autoclaving process, the properties of constituents of MSW are significantly changed. For example, the mass decreases while the volume density increases and the plastic constituents are softened and shrunk. Thus, the energy density per unit volume increases 1.5 to 3 times. Therefore, the MSW after autoclaving can be properly separated into different fractions such as metals, plastics, compost-like and primary RDF or bio-char for further reutilization. In this study, a 530 L batch autoclave reactor was used to treat the wastes with steam. The target wastes are MSW, garden waste, waste paper, plastic waste and kitchen waste. The results indicate that the most suitable conditions for autoclaving MSW are at 155 ℃ and 30 min. Without counting the heating value of input waste, the energy return on investment (EROI) of MSW via autoclaving process is 1.5. The results show that the use of reused down-stream steam from incinerator for the autoclaving process of MSW can offer a better beneficial use of energy, achieving better carbon reduction.

英文關鍵字

autoclaving, bio-coal, mechanical heat treatment, MHT

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