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EPA-99-1605-02-02

099

1,470 千元

2010/07/07

2010/12/31

蘇慧貞

環檢所

許令宜

財團法人成大研究發展基金會

環境監測及檢測

真菌污染，生物晶片，國小和幼兒園

fungal contamination, biochip, daycare centers and elementary schools

張長泉

李易澄

06-2752459#

lyc616@gmail.com

過去研究發現在較嚴重的生物性污染學校教室中，孩童有較高的過敏性疾病風險。有鑑於此，本研究總計進行台灣地區幼兒照護中心以及學校共100所（各佔50%）之大規模生物性污染評估調查，並完成共1750件空氣過敏黴菌晶片檢測服務。 環境檢測結果顯示，已調查國小幼稚園中，其室內平均真菌濃度皆有較低於室外，但皆高出室內空氣品質建議值（1000 CFU/m3）；部分學校，其室內外真菌濃度比值（I/O ratio）>1，表示其室內環境有潛在真菌污染源存在，可能源自於教室內有水害現象之故。每所國小選取的三間教室內，其真菌濃度結果差異性不大，變異性小，故檢測結果應可被視為對其它校內同類型環境具有代表性。北中南三區之學校，其室內外真菌濃度分佈在中部國小和幼兒園明顯高出其他地區；然而此趨勢並未出現於I/O ratio上。晶片分析結果發現在多數學校可檢測到空氣中有害黴菌的存在，其中Alternaria alternata、Aspergillus spp.、Cladosporium cladosporioides最常見，少部分也測到含有Penicillium spp.，上述為台灣室內外空氣中最常見之黴菌。 潮濕的環境，是適合黴菌生長的良好環境，尤其是飄浮在空氣中的黴菌孢子或代謝物，易成為人類的過敏原。因此，室內「濕氣（moisture）」的控制，是抑制室內環境黴菌及黴菌孢子生長的最有效途徑。清潔和保持乾燥，並透過良好的空氣流通與充足的光線可以降低濕度，減少濕氣的產生，是解決黴菌問題的關鍵。

真菌污染，生物晶片，國小和幼兒園

EPA9916050202.pdf

3MB

2011/2/1 上午 12:00:00

Most populations in modern time spend close to, or more than, 90% of their time indoors, including homes, schools, workplaces, transportation and recreational venues, among other built facilities or environments. Exposure to bioaerosols is of special health concern to people in Taiwan noted for its subtropical climate of warm temperature and relative humidity throughout the year. In particular, elementary schools and daycare centers (kindergartens and nurseries) house some of the most susceptible groups while contaminated environments, such as damp classrooms are suggested to be a risk factor attributable to reporting allergic or respiratory diseases. Preliminary results showed that of all the 100 investigated sites, the indoor fungal concentrations of the 50 children daycare centers are lower than those in outdoors (1542.8 vs 2054.7 CFU/m3). The same trend was found that the indoor fungal concentrations are lower than those in outdoors of the 50 elementary schools (2577.7 vs 2060.3 CFU/m3). Yet, the average levels found in daycare centers and elementary schools with higher fungal concentration indoors (1542.8 and 2577.7 CFU/m3, respectively) have exceeded Taiwan EPA indoor air quality recommendation level of 1000 CFU/m3. For those having fungal indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O ratios) greater than 1, it is suggested that there are potential sources for fungal contamination indoors. Whether it can be partially related to the catastrophic Typhoon Morakot last year which resulted in water damage of the schools by heavy flood would remain to be further examined. Besides, very low（CV＜1%）and consistent CV (Coefficient of Variation) indicate that there will be of little differences of indoor fungal concentrations among the classrooms of similar settings, based on the site-to-site variation analysis from the 50 investigated elementary schools. We further compare the indoor and outdoor fungal levels in 12 elementary schools of northern, 30 of southern and 8 of central Taiwan. Results showed that the both indoor and outdoor fungal levels were statistically higher in the schools from central regions, compared to northern and southern schools (p value ＜0.01). The same association was also seen in the children daycare centers. Yet, no difference in I/O ratios was observed suggesting the overall similar environmental characteristics from the standpoint of indoor microbial contamination. No particularly high levels of indoor fungi were measured in the water-damaged classrooms when compared to the assumingly non-water-problem classroom (p value = 0.23) from 27 flooded schools. Biochips were analyzed for the identifications of fungal species sampled from the 100 study sites. Analyses showed that Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp. and Cladosporium cladosporioides were found the majority of the sampling schools and considered as the most common fungal species in Taiwan. Following was Penicillium spp. found in some schools. Future studies should continue to explore the feasibility of limitation of adopting biochip technology as an effective screening tool for environmental assessment when bio-contamination is of special interest.

fungal contamination, biochip, daycare centers and elementary schools