環保專案成果報告查詢系統

專案計畫編號	EPA-97-FA14-03-A042
經費年度	097
計畫經費	7,300 千元
專案開始日期	2008/03/06
專案結束日期	2009/03/05
專案主持人	郭崇義
主辦單位	空保處
承辦人	隋婉君
執行單位	中山醫學大學
專案分類	化學物質管理
中文關鍵字	河川揚塵, 三仙膠, 懸浮微粒
英文關鍵字	Aeolian dust, Xanthan Gum, particle matter
協同主持人	林昭遠,林傳堯,黃隆明,望熙榮
共同主持人	林昭遠,林傳堯,黃隆明,望熙榮
計畫聯絡人	郭崇義
計畫聯絡電話	04-24730022
計畫聯絡信箱	kcy@csmu.edu.tw

中文摘要	台灣中部河口冬旱季水位下降，河床裸地增加，若逢東北季風盛行，易產生揚塵危害，對影響生活環境品質甚鉅，將河床裸地揚塵危害潛在發生區位之劃定極為重要。本研究綜合集水區泥砂產量、地質、河床粒徑、與PM10等值線之調查分析，顯示濁水溪為中部河川較易發生揚塵之區位。藉由遙測影像判釋，配合數位高程模型及河川水位頻率年之分析，可劃定濁水溪易發生揚塵之潛在區位。濁水溪潛在揚塵發生區位之治理對策可藉由防風網配合三仙膠之施作，達到經濟防治的功效。中部地區四條河川之粒徑分析結果，以濁水溪粒徑分佈範圍最大，其分佈範圍約為3.5～1400μm，河床塵土其單位體積揚塵量中PM10約佔19％。大安、大甲與烏溪粒徑分佈則較為相似，大多分佈於150μm～700μm，顯示濁水溪揚塵量會遠大於其他三條溪。當風速達15m/s時，地表面所收集的飛砂量其粗粒徑微粒會多於細粒徑。在砂體含水量方面，當砂體含水率達到1.22％時，水分子對砂粒運動開始產生抑制作用，當含水率達4.35％時，抑制作用達到最大值。歷年河川揚塵對空品事件影響程度，以崙背測站所發生之河川揚塵事件日數為最高，其年平均河川揚塵事件日數約9天。出現河川揚事件日之主要天氣型態為東北季風，約佔總天氣型態之46%，其次為高壓出海，約佔21%，在月別之分佈上則以11月有最高之發生率。本年度空品測站懸浮微粒之分析結果，發現揚塵期間地殼元素之濃度(6.69μg/m3)遠高於非揚塵期間之濃度(1.67μg/m3)，兩者相差達4倍。在傳輸現象之分析上，發現濁水溪以南至八掌溪間之空品測站均受到嚴重之河川揚塵影響，而大安溪至濁水溪間之空品測站其所受之河川揚塵影響則較不嚴重，其中部份都會區內之測站幾乎未受影響。本年度所建立之指紋元素比值能有效將河床塵土與街塵之特性區別開，將此指紋資料應用於本年度所採取之大氣懸浮微粒樣品，發現能有效將揚塵期間與非揚塵期間微粒之特性加以區隔，亦能有效將七個測站中受到河川揚塵影響之程度較嚴重之幾個測站鑑別出來。本研究針對中部流域附近測站進行採樣分析，並採用正矩陣因子法(Positive Matrix Factorization，PMF)作為受體模式之演算及分析河川揚塵對中部地區各測站之貢獻量，推估中部地區四大河川(大安溪、大甲溪、烏溪與濁水溪) 其揚塵對附近空品之影響程度，經由模式分析比較今年4月及11月份的採樣數據結果，11月份因受到東北季風影響，濁水溪所貢獻之PM10濃度值明顯提高許多，崙背測站11月較4月之增量為各測站之最高值，其增量達1712%。
中文關鍵字	河川揚塵, 三仙膠, 懸浮微粒

中文摘要

台灣中部河口冬旱季水位下降，河床裸地增加，若逢東北季風盛行，易產生揚塵危害，對影響生活環境品質甚鉅，將河床裸地揚塵危害潛在發生區位之劃定極為重要。本研究綜合集水區泥砂產量、地質、河床粒徑、與PM10等值線之調查分析，顯示濁水溪為中部河川較易發生揚塵之區位。藉由遙測影像判釋，配合數位高程模型及河川水位頻率年之分析，可劃定濁水溪易發生揚塵之潛在區位。濁水溪潛在揚塵發生區位之治理對策可藉由防風網配合三仙膠之施作，達到經濟防治的功效。中部地區四條河川之粒徑分析結果，以濁水溪粒徑分佈範圍最大，其分佈範圍約為3.5～1400μm，河床塵土其單位體積揚塵量中PM10約佔19％。大安、大甲與烏溪粒徑分佈則較為相似，大多分佈於150μm～700μm，顯示濁水溪揚塵量會遠大於其他三條溪。當風速達15m/s時，地表面所收集的飛砂量其粗粒徑微粒會多於細粒徑。在砂體含水量方面，當砂體含水率達到1.22％時，水分子對砂粒運動開始產生抑制作用，當含水率達4.35％時，抑制作用達到最大值。歷年河川揚塵對空品事件影響程度，以崙背測站所發生之河川揚塵事件日數為最高，其年平均河川揚塵事件日數約9天。出現河川揚事件日之主要天氣型態為東北季風，約佔總天氣型態之46%，其次為高壓出海，約佔21%，在月別之分佈上則以11月有最高之發生率。本年度空品測站懸浮微粒之分析結果，發現揚塵期間地殼元素之濃度(6.69μg/m3)遠高於非揚塵期間之濃度(1.67μg/m3)，兩者相差達4倍。在傳輸現象之分析上，發現濁水溪以南至八掌溪間之空品測站均受到嚴重之河川揚塵影響，而大安溪至濁水溪間之空品測站其所受之河川揚塵影響則較不嚴重，其中部份都會區內之測站幾乎未受影響。本年度所建立之指紋元素比值能有效將河床塵土與街塵之特性區別開，將此指紋資料應用於本年度所採取之大氣懸浮微粒樣品，發現能有效將揚塵期間與非揚塵期間微粒之特性加以區隔，亦能有效將七個測站中受到河川揚塵影響之程度較嚴重之幾個測站鑑別出來。本研究針對中部流域附近測站進行採樣分析，並採用正矩陣因子法(Positive Matrix Factorization，PMF)作為受體模式之演算及分析河川揚塵對中部地區各測站之貢獻量，推估中部地區四大河川(大安溪、大甲溪、烏溪與濁水溪) 其揚塵對附近空品之影響程度，經由模式分析比較今年4月及11月份的採樣數據結果，11月份因受到東北季風影響，濁水溪所貢獻之PM10濃度值明顯提高許多，崙背測站11月較4月之增量為各測站之最高值，其增量達1712%。

中文關鍵字

河川揚塵, 三仙膠, 懸浮微粒

類型	檔名	檔案大小	說明	最新版公開日期
期末報告	期末報告定稿.pdf	43MB	[期末報告]公開完整版	2009/9/1 上午 12:00:00

摘要	Due to the huge amount of bare soil existing during drought season, and the monsoon effect, the estuaries of rivers in central Taiwan are susceptible to severe wind erosion. Dust emission decreases the living quality and affects the health of nearby humans. It is important to delineate the potential riverbed areas that are vulnerable to wind erosion. Analysis of sediment yield, geology, particle size, and PM10 shows that the downstream segment of the Choshui River is an area of potential dust emission. Image interpretation derived from SPOT imagery coupled with Digital Elevation Modeling and recurrence analysis of water levels in the study areas are used to delineate the potential areas of dust emission. For an economic sand fixation measure, windbreak facilities and Xanthan Gum can be strongly recommended for use at the areas of potential dust emission. Among the four rivers (the Taan River, the Tachia River, the Wu River and the Choshui River), the Choshui River has widest distribution of sand diameter. It ranges between 3.5μm and 1400μm and about nineteen percent of the sand is PM10. The Taan, Tachia and Wu Rivers all have similar distribution and range between 150μm and 700μm. These results can explain why, of the four rivers, the Choshui River could cause the greatest amount of river dust. When the wind velocity reaches about 15m/s, much more coarse sand than fine sand was collected at ground level. As the water content in sand reaches 1.22％, the sand begins to be restrained from moving. Only very small amounts of sand could be moved by wind as the water content was more than 4.35％. Previous (within the past 14 years) aerosol (PM10) episodes caused by aeolian dust from rivers in central Taiwan were investigated in this project. The average number of annual episode days of river dust at Lunbei station was nine days. This station had the highest number of episode days of river dust among the nine stations. The major synoptic weather type for PM10 episodes of river dust was P1 (northeasterly winter monsoon). This type accounts for about 46% of the total synoptic weather types. The synoptic weather type P2 (cold high-pressure system moving eastward to the ocean with a center not exceeding 125oE longitude) was the second major type and accounts for about 21% of the total synoptic weather types. Among the twelve months, November has the highest incidence of river-dust episodes. Chemical compositions for the aerosol samples collected from air monitoring stations were analyzed. These data show that the concentrations of crustal elements in the periods of river-dust episodes (6.69µg/m3) were about 4 times higher than those in the periods of non-river-dust episodes (1.67µg/m3). Aerosols (PM10) caused by aeolian dust from the Choshui River could be transported to the Puzih station. Air quality for most of the air-monitoring stations on the southern side of the Choshui River was obviously affected by river dust during the periods of river-dust episodes. Contrarily, air quality for the air-monitoring stations between the Da An River and the Choshui River was less affected by river dust during the periods of river-dust episodes. Some stations located in the southern part of Taichung City were almost totally unaffected by river dust. Fingerprinting indexes established in this project could well distinguish the differentiating characteristics between river dust and street dust. These fingerprinting indexes were applied to the aerosol samples collected from air- monitoring stations in this study. The fingerprinting characteristics of samples of river-dust episodes and non-river-dust episodes show significant differences. The fingerprinting characteristics also show different levels of river-dust effects for samples collected from seven air-monitoring stations during the periods of river-dust episodes. This study uses receptor model positive matrix factorization (PMF) to analyze the samples collected near the four rivers in central Taiwan: the Taan River, the Tachia River, the Wu River and the Choshui River. The purpose is to resolve the impact from these four rivers. Two sets of field samples were collected in April and November 2008, respectively. The analysis results showed that due to the northerly winds in November, the particulate matter increased significantly at sites near the Choshui River. The maximum increase between two sets of samples at the Lunbei station was about 1712%.
英文關鍵字	Aeolian dust, Xanthan Gum, particle matter

摘要

Due to the huge amount of bare soil existing during drought season, and the monsoon effect, the estuaries of rivers in central Taiwan are susceptible to severe wind erosion. Dust emission decreases the living quality and affects the health of nearby humans. It is important to delineate the potential riverbed areas that are vulnerable to wind erosion. Analysis of sediment yield, geology, particle size, and PM10 shows that the downstream segment of the Choshui River is an area of potential dust emission. Image interpretation derived from SPOT imagery coupled with Digital Elevation Modeling and recurrence analysis of water levels in the study areas are used to delineate the potential areas of dust emission. For an economic sand fixation measure, windbreak facilities and Xanthan Gum can be strongly recommended for use at the areas of potential dust emission. Among the four rivers (the Taan River, the Tachia River, the Wu River and the Choshui River), the Choshui River has widest distribution of sand diameter. It ranges between 3.5μm and 1400μm and about nineteen percent of the sand is PM10. The Taan, Tachia and Wu Rivers all have similar distribution and range between 150μm and 700μm. These results can explain why, of the four rivers, the Choshui River could cause the greatest amount of river dust. When the wind velocity reaches about 15m/s, much more coarse sand than fine sand was collected at ground level. As the water content in sand reaches 1.22％, the sand begins to be restrained from moving. Only very small amounts of sand could be moved by wind as the water content was more than 4.35％. Previous (within the past 14 years) aerosol (PM10) episodes caused by aeolian dust from rivers in central Taiwan were investigated in this project. The average number of annual episode days of river dust at Lunbei station was nine days. This station had the highest number of episode days of river dust among the nine stations. The major synoptic weather type for PM10 episodes of river dust was P1 (northeasterly winter monsoon). This type accounts for about 46% of the total synoptic weather types. The synoptic weather type P2 (cold high-pressure system moving eastward to the ocean with a center not exceeding 125oE longitude) was the second major type and accounts for about 21% of the total synoptic weather types. Among the twelve months, November has the highest incidence of river-dust episodes. Chemical compositions for the aerosol samples collected from air monitoring stations were analyzed. These data show that the concentrations of crustal elements in the periods of river-dust episodes (6.69µg/m3) were about 4 times higher than those in the periods of non-river-dust episodes (1.67µg/m3). Aerosols (PM10) caused by aeolian dust from the Choshui River could be transported to the Puzih station. Air quality for most of the air-monitoring stations on the southern side of the Choshui River was obviously affected by river dust during the periods of river-dust episodes. Contrarily, air quality for the air-monitoring stations between the Da An River and the Choshui River was less affected by river dust during the periods of river-dust episodes. Some stations located in the southern part of Taichung City were almost totally unaffected by river dust. Fingerprinting indexes established in this project could well distinguish the differentiating characteristics between river dust and street dust. These fingerprinting indexes were applied to the aerosol samples collected from air- monitoring stations in this study. The fingerprinting characteristics of samples of river-dust episodes and non-river-dust episodes show significant differences. The fingerprinting characteristics also show different levels of river-dust effects for samples collected from seven air-monitoring stations during the periods of river-dust episodes. This study uses receptor model positive matrix factorization (PMF) to analyze the samples collected near the four rivers in central Taiwan: the Taan River, the Tachia River, the Wu River and the Choshui River. The purpose is to resolve the impact from these four rivers. Two sets of field samples were collected in April and November 2008, respectively. The analysis results showed that due to the northerly winds in November, the particulate matter increased significantly at sites near the Choshui River. The maximum increase between two sets of samples at the Lunbei station was about 1712%.

英文關鍵字

Aeolian dust, Xanthan Gum, particle matter